In this period the mass of material generated was summarized in
the form of Sutras (rule in verse form expressed in brief but technical
language). Here, critical attitude in philosophy developed. Samkhya, Yoga,
Mimamsa, Vedanta, Vaisesika and Nyaya schools were born.
Scholastic period. Also dating from A.D 200
By this time the Sutras had become complex and unintelligible.
It was impossible to comprehend them without expert commentaries.
Great names of, Bhaskara, Jayanta, Kumarila Bhatta, Madhwa,
Raghunatha, Shankara, Sridhara and Vachaspathi, belong to this period. ‘Of
these commentators Shankara and Ramanuja have become as distinguished as the
original thinkers. Their commentaries are just as valuable as a spiritual discovery’. Dr S Radhakrishnan.
Haribhadra
who lived in the ninth century A.D is yet another
great Brahmin thinker converted to Jainism. He is the famous author of fourteen
hundred Prabhandas (chapters of works) and one of the first to introduce
Sanskrit language into the scholastic literature of the Svetambara (white
dressed) Jains.
Shankaracharya
preached Advaita philosophy. (Monism)
Ramanujacharya
preached Visishtadwaita. (blend of Monism&
Dualism)
Madhwacharya preached Dwaita philosophy.
(Dualism).
Some
of the well-known later day philosophers, saints and commentators are:
Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1896 - 1977
The
tenth guru in the Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ‘Parampara’ (tradition), he
was the founder of International Society for Krishna
Consciousness (ISKON) to spread the Krishna Bhakti movement,
beyond the shores of India. ISKON has built exquisite Krishna temples all over
the world and also a beautiful palace of Prabhupada at Moundsville, Virginia,
U.S.A.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
15th century
Fifteenth century saint, philosopher who gave a tremendous boost to
the Bhakti marga’ championed by the Vaisnava (worshippers of Vishnu) acharyas
and saints, through his ‘Sankeertana’ movement. (chanting and singing the names
of Krishna with transcendental love). He
opened the doors of divine love to all, by preaching the glories of Krishna (Hari) by
chanting and singing his name.
Dayananda Saraswati
1824-1883
Born to Karshanji Lalji Tiwari and Amrith ba, in Gujarat
state, Moolashankar was, a profound thinker from childhood. He left home at the
young age of 21, in search of a Guru who would teach him philosophy and the
meaning of life and death. It was his Guru Swamy Poornanda who named him as
Dayananda Saraswati. Dayananda later founded the Arya Samaj, a social reform
movement that condemns caste system and untouchability. He fought for equality
of women and emphasized the Vedic way of life.
Raghavendra Swamy
1598 – 1671
Great
scholar, philosopher, writer and saint in the Dwaitha tradition. At the age of
23, he renounced his loving wife and took Sanyasa. Legend says, that he
resurrected two children from the dead, one of whom was the child of a Muslim
chieftain of the town of Savanoor,
in Karnataka. He renounced this world by entering into ‘Samadhi sthiti’ (breath
control, deep meditation and passing on). As desired by him, his devotees built
a ‘Brindavan’ (resting place) around him, using brick and mortar. This town
‘Alankara Sudha Nidhi’. (work on poetics) and ‘Subhashita
Sudhanidhi’ (collection of wise sayings’).
Swami Sivananda
1887 - 1963
Forsaking a promising medical career, Sivananda who had a natural
flair for study and practice of Vedanta, took to life of renunciation for
ministering to the soul of man. Settling at Hrishikesh in the Himalayas,
he practiced intense austerities and shone as a great Yogi. For disseminating
spiritual knowledge and for training common man in Yoga and Vedanta, he
established,’ The Divine Life Society’ and’ The Yoga Vedanta Forest Academy’,
at Hrishikesh. In 1953 he convened a ‘World Parliament of Religions.’ He has
written over 300 books.
In : BRAHMAN, MAHASABHA,BIKANER BHAGWAN PARSHURAM
Tags: hindu philosophy is essentially spiritual.
| |
In this period the mass of material generated was summarized in
the form of Sutras (rule in verse form expressed in brief but technical
language). Here, critical attitude in philosophy developed. Samkhya, Yoga,
Mimamsa, Vedanta, Vaisesika and Nyaya schools were born.
Scholastic period. Also dating from A.D 200
By this time the Sutras had become complex and unintelligible.
It was impossible to comprehend them without expert commentaries.
Great names of, Bhaskara, Jayanta, Kumarila Bhatta, Madhwa,
Raghunatha, Shankara, Sridhara and Vachaspathi, belong to this period. ‘Of
these commentators Shankara and Ramanuja have become as distinguished as the
original thinkers. Their commentaries are just as valuable as a spiritual discovery’. Dr S Radhakrishnan.
Haribhadra
who lived in the ninth century A.D is yet another
great Brahmin thinker converted to Jainism. He is the famous author of fourteen
hundred Prabhandas (chapters of works) and one of the first to introduce
Sanskrit language into the scholastic literature of the Svetambara (white
dressed) Jains.
Shankaracharya
preached Advaita philosophy. (Monism)
Ramanujacharya
preached Visishtadwaita. (blend of Monism&
Dualism)
Madhwacharya preached Dwaita philosophy.
(Dualism).
Some
of the well-known later day philosophers, saints and commentators are:
Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1896 - 1977
The
tenth guru in the Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ‘Parampara’ (tradition), he
was the founder of International Society for Krishna
Consciousness (ISKON) to spread the Krishna Bhakti movement,
beyond the shores of India. ISKON has built exquisite Krishna temples all over
the world and also a beautiful palace of Prabhupada at Moundsville, Virginia,
U.S.A.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
15th century
Fifteenth century saint, philosopher who gave a tremendous boost to
the Bhakti marga’ championed by the Vaisnava (worshippers of Vishnu) acharyas
and saints, through his ‘Sankeertana’ movement. (chanting and singing the names
of Krishna with transcendental love). He
opened the doors of divine love to all, by preaching the glories of Krishna (Hari) by
chanting and singing his name.
Dayananda Saraswati
1824-1883
Born to Karshanji Lalji Tiwari and Amrith ba, in Gujarat
state, Moolashankar was, a profound thinker from childhood. He left home at the
young age of 21, in search of a Guru who would teach him philosophy and the
meaning of life and death. It was his Guru Swamy Poornanda who named him as
Dayananda Saraswati. Dayananda later founded the Arya Samaj, a social reform
movement that condemns caste system and untouchability. He fought for equality
of women and emphasized the Vedic way of life.
Raghavendra Swamy
1598 – 1671
Great
scholar, philosopher, writer and saint in the Dwaitha tradition. At the age of
23, he renounced his loving wife and took Sanyasa. Legend says, that he
resurrected two children from the dead, one of whom was the child of a Muslim
chieftain of the town of Savanoor,
in Karnataka. He renounced this world by entering into ‘Samadhi sthiti’ (breath
control, deep meditation and passing on). As desired by him, his devotees built
a ‘Brindavan’ (resting place) around him, using brick and mortar. This town
‘Alankara Sudha Nidhi’. (work on poetics) and ‘Subhashita
Sudhanidhi’ (collection of wise sayings’).
Swami Sivananda
1887 - 1963
Forsaking a promising medical career, Sivananda who had a natural
flair for study and practice of Vedanta, took to life of renunciation for
ministering to the soul of man. Settling at Hrishikesh in the Himalayas,
he practiced intense austerities and shone as a great Yogi. For disseminating
spiritual knowledge and for training common man in Yoga and Vedanta, he
established,’ The Divine Life Society’ and’ The Yoga Vedanta Forest Academy’,
at Hrishikesh. In 1953 he convened a ‘World Parliament of Religions.’ He has
written over 300 books.
In : BRAHMAN, MAHASABHA,BIKANER BHAGWAN PARSHURAM
Tags: hindu philosophy is essentially spiritual.
In this period the mass of material generated was summarized in
the form of Sutras (rule in verse form expressed in brief but technical
language). Here, critical attitude in philosophy developed. Samkhya, Yoga,
Mimamsa, Vedanta, Vaisesika and Nyaya schools were born.
Scholastic period. Also dating from A.D 200
By this time the Sutras had become complex and unintelligible.
It was impossible to comprehend them without expert commentaries.
Great names of, Bhaskara, Jayanta, Kumarila Bhatta, Madhwa,
Raghunatha, Shankara, Sridhara and Vachaspathi, belong to this period. ‘Of
these commentators Shankara and Ramanuja have become as distinguished as the
original thinkers. Their commentaries are just as valuable as a spiritual discovery’. Dr S Radhakrishnan.
Haribhadra
who lived in the ninth century A.D is yet another
great Brahmin thinker converted to Jainism. He is the famous author of fourteen
hundred Prabhandas (chapters of works) and one of the first to introduce
Sanskrit language into the scholastic literature of the Svetambara (white
dressed) Jains.
Shankaracharya
preached Advaita philosophy. (Monism)
Ramanujacharya
preached Visishtadwaita. (blend of Monism&
Dualism)
Madhwacharya preached Dwaita philosophy.
(Dualism).
Some
of the well-known later day philosophers, saints and commentators are:
Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1896 - 1977
The
tenth guru in the Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ‘Parampara’ (tradition), he
was the founder of International Society for Krishna
Consciousness (ISKON) to spread the Krishna Bhakti movement,
beyond the shores of India. ISKON has built exquisite Krishna temples all over
the world and also a beautiful palace of Prabhupada at Moundsville, Virginia,
U.S.A.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
15th century
Fifteenth century saint, philosopher who gave a tremendous boost to
the Bhakti marga’ championed by the Vaisnava (worshippers of Vishnu) acharyas
and saints, through his ‘Sankeertana’ movement. (chanting and singing the names
of Krishna with transcendental love). He
opened the doors of divine love to all, by preaching the glories of Krishna (Hari) by
chanting and singing his name.
Dayananda Saraswati
1824-1883
Born to Karshanji Lalji Tiwari and Amrith ba, in Gujarat
state, Moolashankar was, a profound thinker from childhood. He left home at the
young age of 21, in search of a Guru who would teach him philosophy and the
meaning of life and death. It was his Guru Swamy Poornanda who named him as
Dayananda Saraswati. Dayananda later founded the Arya Samaj, a social reform
movement that condemns caste system and untouchability. He fought for equality
of women and emphasized the Vedic way of life.
Raghavendra Swamy
1598 – 1671
Great
scholar, philosopher, writer and saint in the Dwaitha tradition. At the age of
23, he renounced his loving wife and took Sanyasa. Legend says, that he
resurrected two children from the dead, one of whom was the child of a Muslim
chieftain of the town of Savanoor,
in Karnataka. He renounced this world by entering into ‘Samadhi sthiti’ (breath
control, deep meditation and passing on). As desired by him, his devotees built
a ‘Brindavan’ (resting place) around him, using brick and mortar. This town
‘Alankara Sudha Nidhi’. (work on poetics) and ‘Subhashita
Sudhanidhi’ (collection of wise sayings’).
Swami Sivananda
1887 - 1963
Forsaking a promising medical career, Sivananda who had a natural
flair for study and practice of Vedanta, took to life of renunciation for
ministering to the soul of man. Settling at Hrishikesh in the Himalayas,
he practiced intense austerities and shone as a great Yogi. For disseminating
spiritual knowledge and for training common man in Yoga and Vedanta, he
established,’ The Divine Life Society’ and’ The Yoga Vedanta Forest Academy’,
at Hrishikesh. In 1953 he convened a ‘World Parliament of Religions.’ He has
written over 300 books.
In : BRAHMAN, MAHASABHA,BIKANER BHAGWAN PARSHURAM
Tags: hindu philosophy is essentially spiritual.
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